"You cannot install Mac OS X on this volume…" alert in Installer

If you're trying to install Mac OS X on a hard disk that you've connected to your Intel-based Mac, you may see this alert in Installer and be unable to select the disk for installation: "You cannot install Mac OS X on this volume. Mac OS X cannot start up from this volume." The Mac OS X installer prevents you from installing on to a disk that uses a non-native partition scheme (or to any volumes on that disk). PowerPC-based Macs and Intel-based Macs have different native partition schemes (see additional information below).